Pine-Oak forest where oaks are a dominant species of tree. Photo: Jon Anderson/Flickr

Pine-Oak Forest

The Pine-Oak forest is found in the mountains of Northern Mexico through Nicaragua mainly at elevations ranging between 900-2800 meters. Throughout its range, this forest ecosystem is composed of a mix of oak and pine with oak species replacing each other according to the humidity of the region. The evergreen oak forests of Baja California are also included in this category.

Pine-oak forest showing a mix of pines and oaks. Photo: Charlie Day/Flickr.

See more Neotropical bird habitats.

References:

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Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation.  Stotz Douglas F., Fitzpatrick John W., Parker Theodore A. III, and Moskovits Debra K. University of Chicago Press, 1996.